CRM 4406 Homeland Security and Terrorism

Lecture: Introduction

Lecture: Profile – Usama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden

Outcomes

• Explain why the term terrorism is pejorative
• List and define some of the contexts of terrorism
• Discuss the range of definitions of terrorism
• Explain the strengths and weaknesses of typologies of terrorism
• Describe various approaches to developing typologies of terrorism
• Summarize terrorism within a tactical typology
• Outline the four major types of modern terrorism
• Summarize various views about the metaphor war on terrorism
• Discuss the changing meaning of war in the twenty-first century
• Describe social research from perspectives of meaning and structure
• Explain the key elements of the social geometry of terrorism
• Define the elements of netwar
• Describe terrorism as a religious process
• Define and describe the clash of civilizations
• Define practical criminology as used by security forces
• Describe the differences between terrorist and criminal behavior
• Cite the reasons why terrorists and counterterrorists need to justify violence
• Summarize early and more recent studies of justified terrorist violence
• Summarize three views in the profiling debate
• Describe differing processes of radicalization

Lecture: Profile – Shoko Asahara

Lecture: Profile – Ayman al Zawahiri

Outcomes

• Trace the transformation of terrorist organizations from cells to networks
• Explain the problems of managing any terrorist organization
• Describe the impact of an organization’s size and structure on the length of a terrorist campaign
• Explain how analysts developed an understanding of the importance of financing
• Outline competing views about using “financial weapons” against terrorists
• Describe some of the illegal sources of income for terrorist groups
• Explain the use of underground networks in financing terrorism
• Describe legitimate methods used to raise funds for terrorist groups
• Explain the hawala system
• Outline the development of the “new economy of terrorism”
• Summarize both sides of the debate over narcoterrorism
• Discuss the role of the media in constructing social reality 
• Discuss terrorism as a method of communication
• Summarize popular media misconceptions
• Explain the tension between security forces and the media
• Describe how the media can be viewed as a weapon
• Explain news frames and their impact on reporting terrorism
• Describe the relationship between terrorism and television
• Describe the effects of growing international media and the Internet on terrorism
• Discuss issues surrounding objective reporting 
• Define the contagion effect
• Debate the issues of freedom of the press and censorship
• Summarize the tactics of modern terrorism
• List and describe four force multipliers
• Define the types of threats posed by cyberterrorism
• Explain the effects of biological weapons
• Describe the effects of chemical and radical WMD
• Discuss the role of the media as force multipliers
• Summarize transnational economic targeting in the tourist, energy, and transportation industries
• Explain the logic of suicide terrorism
• Summarize a theory of religious suicide bombing  

Lecture: Profile – Michael Collins

Outcomes

• Define the Enlightenment and describe its impact on radical social change
• Compare and contrast the American and French Revolutions
• Summarize the Reign of Terror in France
• Explain how the meaning of terrorism shifted from descriptions of governmental actions to the actions of governmental opponents
• Summarize the impact of the 1848 revolutions on Western governments
• Summarize the role of nineteenth-century anarchists and their influence on revolutionary and nationalistic terrorism
• Identify the proponents of violent revolutionary change among nineteenth-century anarchists
• Summarize the debate about the differences between old and new terrorism
• Summarize the history of Russian revolutionary organizations from the People’s Will to the Bolshevik Revolution
• Describe how the Russian Revolution influenced Western concepts of extremism and terrorism
• Describe the influence of Viking invasions on Ireland and the importance of Brian Boru
• Explain the Norman approach to Ireland
• Describe the importance of the Reformation on Ireland
• Summarize English policy toward Ireland from the Plantation of Ulster to the Act of Union
• Outline the emergence of republicanism and Home Rule
• Describe the 1916 Easter Rising 
• Summarize the Black and Tan War and the emergence of the Free State
• Define selective terrorism as used by Michael Collins
• Explain the transformation of republicanism in the twentieth century
• Explain the impact of British policy on Irish terrorism from 1969 to 1985
• Categorize Unionist terrorism from 1969 to 1985

Lecture: Profile – Raul Sendic and the Tupamaros

Outcomes

• Discuss the theory of urban terrorism as described by Marighella
• Summarize the relationship between terrorism and guerrilla warfare
• Outline the campaign of the Tupamaros in Uruguay
• Describe the influence of the Tupamaros on terrorism in other parts of the world
• Describe the urban philosophy of the Tupamaros
• Summarize the Tupamaros’ terrorist tactics
• Outline the organizational structure of the Tupamaros
• Define the Middle East as a historical, geographical, and cultural metaphor
• Briefly sketch the origins of Islam
• Describe the difference between Shi’as and Sunnis
• Explain the emergence of militant theology
• Discuss the historical significance of the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the birth of Zionism
• Summarize the impact of World War I on the Middle East
• Describe the formation of Israel and the Arab-Israeli wars
• Explain the emergence of terrorism after the 1967 Six Days’ War
• Briefly sketch the history of modern Iran

Lecture: Profile – Velupillai Prabhakaran

Lecture: Profile – Ahmed Yassin

Outcomes

• Describe the rise of Fatah and the PLO
• Identify the major Palestinian groups that emerged after the Yom Kippur War
• Summarize the history of the Abu Nidal Organization
• Discuss the origins of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, its structure, and its operations
• Explain the confusion surrounding the term Islamic Jihad
• Outline the impact of the first Intifada and the birth of Hamas
• Describe the current operational capabilities of Hamas
• Define shifts that may cause Hamas to target the United States
• Summarize the tactics of the al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades
• List and describe the activities of Jewish terrorist and extremist organizations
• Summarize controversial Israeli counterterrorist policies
• Describe the birth and growth of Hezbollah after the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon
• Explain the current political and military aspects of Hezbollah
• Summarize critical and sympathetic views about Hezbollah
• Describe the terror networks created in North Africa
• Explain the EIJ’s influence on Zawahiri and, subsequently, al Qaeda’s organization
• Outline the birth and growth of al Qaeda
• Briefly explain the theological misnomers guiding the Jihadist movement
• Explain bin Laden’s decision to target the far enemy
• Define and describe the eclectic disassociation of fifth generation Jihadists
• Explain why Jihadists began to create their own media force multipliers
• Relate the American experience in Iraq to international Jihadist networks
• Define the three issues at the root of terrorism in Africa
• Explain the relative importance of terrorism in light of Africa’s other issues
• Summarize political conditions in West and Central Africa
• Outline the issues surrounding terrorism in the Horn of Africa
• Explain the multiple sources of conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan
• Define the three sources of terrorism in Central Asia
• Summarize the political issues surrounding terrorism in Pakistan
• Explain religious militancy in Bangladesh
• Outline the history of terrorism in Sri Lanka
• Describe the sources of terrorism in India
• Summarize the state of terrorism in Southeast Asia
• Discuss three recent Japanese experiences with terrorism

Lecture: Profile – Abdullah Ocalan

Lecture: Profile – Shamil Salmanovich Basayev

Outcomes

• Discuss the differences between ethnic and nationalist extremists in Europe
• Describe the peace process in Ireland
• Describe the history and renewal of violence in the Basque region of Spain
• Explain the demise of leftist terrorist cells in Western Europe
• Describe the transformation of international Jihadist groups in Europe
• Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey
• Outline the origins and current status of the PKK in Turkey
• Cite examples of breakaway states in the Russian Federation
• Explain the danger posed by Russia’s breakaway states
• Describe the political and security issues surrounding violence in Chechnya
• Outline findings from the early studies of domestic terrorism
• List the reasons law enforcement agencies have trouble understanding terrorism
• Describe how the FBI’s conceptual framework can be used in empirical studies
• Explain the various aspects of the Jihadist movement in the United States
• Summarize the issues regarding the Puerto Rican nationalist movement
• Outline the history of right-wing extremism in the United States
• Explain the demise of left-wing terrorism and the rise of single issues
• Discuss antiabortion attacks

Lecture: Profile – Timothy McVeigh

Outcomes

• Define the term homeland security and explain the confusion surrounding it
• List the agencies responsible for homeland security and describe their functions
• Explain the issues involved in rethinking conflict
• Summarize war as envisioned by Clausewitz and Sun Tzu
• Explain the difference between the attack on Pearl Harbor and the attacks of September 11
• Outline the impact of changing conflict on military thought
• Describe the intelligence process
• Differentiate between criminal and national security intelligence
• List some of the organizations responsible for processing intelligence
• List and discuss some of the major issues in homeland security

Lecture: Profile – Eric Rudolph

Outcomes

• Outline law enforcement’s bureaucracy problem
• Explain the ways homeland security represents Weberian bureaucracy
• Summarize bureaucratic issues within criminal and national security intelligence bureaucracies
• Explain issues involved in border protection
• Discuss the ways the immigration debate impacts homeland security
• Define and describe infrastructure protection
• Describe the need for partnerships in homeland security
• Summarize the critical bureaucratic issues in law enforcement partnerships
• Outline Flynn’s recommendations for effective homeland security
• Explain how the JTTF arrangement might become a model for law enforcement partnerships.
• Explain the dangers of restricting freedom in the name of security
• Differentiate between civil liberties and human rights
• Describe the relationship between the idea of defense in depth and civil liberties
• Summarize the USA Patriot Act of 2001 and the renewal in 2006
• List the constitutional issues that affect homeland security
• Cite arguments to support and criticize increasing executive power to combat terrorism
• Describe court responses to counter terrorism attempts with increased executive power
• Describe the role of law enforcement agencies in a social network opposed to terrorism
• Discuss the dangers of militarizing police work